Literacy, Schooling and Revolution, by Colin Lankshear Essay

Let us attempt to understand Lankshears argument. My interpretation of Lankshears position is that he supports the idea of literacy as being best understood as a concept which comes into affect by its application in day to day life. I further assess his statement as literacy being also considered as the formation of ideas which forms the uses of literacy as well as creating an image to convey its use (Lankshear, 1987, p.50). The uses of literacy may be to communicate with one another or to participate in society by working, or to help others in need. Without the idea one can not put literacy into use. Such ideas must make known their use, they do so by reflecting this use to the†¦show more content†¦Thus, a literate person has more and better opportunities than the one who isnt literate. Literacy produces good results and importance to the literate person as well as precious and valued qualities for him/her, the illiterate person gets none of these (Lankshear, 1987, P .39). Lankshear states a minimum of three similar misconceptions within the above views. He begins with the concept that literacy is unitary that is it is a single thing, that is it is the same for everyone (Lankshear,1987, p.39). He explains that literate people share (regardless of differences in their levels of literacy) their possession of literacy, where as what illiterate people have in common is that they dont have literacy or they have so little of it that it is regarded as negligible (Lankshear, 1987, p.39). In this perspective literacy is seen as a technology or otherwise seen as the ability to employ the technology of print (Lankshear, 1987, p.39). Lankshears second description of misconception is that literacy is a neutral process or tool, this is believed to be so due to the tendency to consider literacy to be a skill/technology. It is considered to be neutral in the sense that it is unattached from and not influenced by the concepts of power (Lankshear, 1987, p.40). La nkshear argues that for those who agree to literacy being neutral, its use is differentiated from the term literacy itself

Tennessee Williams Free Essays

Tennessee Williams is of the greatest playwright of the American theatre and also the most important writer in the world of the twentieth century. Like other creative geniuses, he died depressed and alone, never knowing the popularity he would enjoy after the death. He has written many great plays one of his greatest work is â€Å"The Glass Menagerie†. We will write a custom essay sample on Tennessee Williams or any similar topic only for you Order Now The plot, dialogue, setting and characterization were selected based on their potential to represent his experience and identity symbolically, the struggle between flesh and spirit was defined as he felt. When you live trying to meet the expectations of others, when you leave your dreams behind to please the other, or you hide what you really are, you live a confinement similar to that of an animal in captivity. This is what the characters experienced in this play. William explained innocence and spirituality through the imagery of tension, whereas for carnality he used imagery of flow. â€Å"In their own way, the Wingfields were fighting against the things that were threatening their life. Tom’s had a fear of working with a job that leads to no future. So,he decided to create his future in poetry, and the results were very rewarding. Amanda was disappointed with her life and attempted to make her daughter more social and popular. Laura’s had a fear of facing Jim O’Connor That led her to underlying concerns like not being able to indulge herself into society and physical appearance. Laura also represented things related to spirituality. Everything in the play served as a symbol between and what she signifies or thinks. In the discussion, Barnard analyzed each character in turn, explaining the symbols which pertained close to her or him, after that, he showed the interaction of symbols as the play draws towards the end (The-Symbolism-of-Tennessee-William_s-the-Glass-Menagerie-an-Inductive-Approach-Barnard). Laura admits that she leaves a work session that allows her to get a job, her mother, Amanda, tells Laura should get married. Tom told Amanda that he would go to dinner with Jim O’Connor. Amanda prepares herself extensively, hoping to become Jim’s matchmaker. After that, Jim left the house to meet his girlfriend; Amanda accused Tom that he did not tell that her about Jim engagement. Tom explains that after he left his family he was not able left Laura behind, he always felt a connection to her. Each character reaches a different climax in the play. Tom’s choice of not paying the electricity bill and use that money to leave the family looking for adventure revealed his decisive and initial break with the family’s difficulties. While, when Jim broke Laura’s unicorn horn and announced that he was engaged, the option of her helping him overcome his shyness and doubt was also defeated. When Amanda discovered Jim’s engagement, she lost confidence that Laura will reach the social position and popularity that Amanda herself has missed. Overall, in the play, Tennessee Williams has shown a tremendous work of art which proves that he will remain the most significant American writer and no other writer can reach his mark in theatre plays. The play showed difficulties people have to face which was the reflection of Tennessee’s own life experiences and imaginations and how a person can sustain himself in the harshness. The climax was the most exciting part of the play. How to cite Tennessee Williams, Papers

The Basic Dilemma of the Artist Example For Students

The Basic Dilemma of the Artist Biography We have a corporeal body. It is a physical entity, subject to all the laws of physics. Yet, we experience ourselves, our internal lives, external events in a manner which provokes us to postulate the existence of a corresponding, non-physical ontos, entity. This corresponding entity ostensibly incorporates a dimension of our being which, in principle, can never be tackled with the instruments and the formal logic of science. A compromise was proposed long ago : the soul is nothing but our self awareness or the way that we experience ourselves. But this is a flawed solution. It is flawed because it assumes that the human experience is uniform, unequivocal and identical. It might well be so but there is no methodologically rigorous way of proving it. We have no way to objectively ascertain that all of us experience pain in the same manner or that pain that we experience is the same in all of us. This is even when the causes of the sensation are carefully controlled and monitored. A scientist might say that it is only a matter of time before we find the exact part of the brain which is responsible for the specific pain in our gedankenexperiment. Moreover, will add our gedankenscientist, in due course, science will even be able to demonstrate a monovalent relationship between a pattern of brain activity in situ and the aforementioned pain. In other words, the scientific claim is that the patterns of brain activity ARE the pain itself. Such an argument is, prima facie, inadmissible. The fact that two events coincide even if they do so forever does not make them identical. The serial occurrence of two events does not make one of them the cause and the other the effect, as is well known. Similarly, the contemporaneous occurrence of two events only means that they are correlated. A correlate is not an alter ego. It is not an aspect of the same event. The brain activity is what appears WHEN pain happens it by no means follows that it IS the pain itself. A stronger argument would crystallize if it was convincingly and repeatedly demonstrated that playing back these patterns of brain activity induces the same pain. Even in such a case, we would be talking about cause and effect rather than identity of pain and its correlate in the brain. The gap is even bigger when we try to apply natural languages to the description of emotions and sensations. This seems close to impossible. How can one even half accurately communicate ones anguish, love, fear, or desire ? We are prisoners in the universe of our emotions, never to emerge and the weapons of language are useless. Each one of us develops his or her own, idiosyncratic, unique emotional language. It is not a jargon, or a dialect because it cannot be translated or communicated. No dictionary can ever be constructed to bridge this lingual gap. In principle, experience is incommunicable. People in the very far future may be able to harbour the same emotions, chemically or otherwise induced in them. One brain could directly take over another and make it feel the same. Yet, even then these experiences will not be communicable and we will have no way available to us to compare and decide whether there was an identity of sensations or of emotions. Still, when we say sadness, we all seem to understand what we are talking about. In the remotest and furthest reaches of the earth people share this feeling of being sad. The feeling might be evoked by disparate circumstances yet, we all seem to share some basic element of being sad. So, what is this element? .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 , .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 .postImageUrl , .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 , .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346:hover , .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346:visited , .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346:active { border:0!important; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346:active , .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346 .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub33cecf90fcf87c9cae6e1c970d4e346:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Albrecht DurerWe have already said that we are confined to using idiosyncratic emotional languages and that no dictionary is possible between them. Now we will postulate the existence of a meta language. This is a language common to all humans, indeed, it seems to be the language of being human. Emotions are but phrases in this language. This language must exist otherwise all communication between humans would have ceased to exist. It would appear that the relationship between this universal language and the idiosyncratic, individualistic languages is a relation of correlation. Pain is correlated to brain activity, on the one hand and to this universal language, on the other. We would, therefore, tend to parsimoniously assume that the two correlates are but one and the same. In other words, it may well be that the brain activity which goes together is but the physical manifestation of the meta-lingual element PAIN. We feel pain and this is our experience, unique, incommunicable, expressed solely in our idiosyncratic language. We know that we are feeling pain and we communicate it to others. As we do so, we use the meta, universal language. The very use or even the thought of using this language provokes the brain activity which is so closely correlated with pain. It is important to clarify that the universal language could well be a physical one. Possibly, even genetic. Nature might have endowed us with this universal language to improve our chances to survive. The communication of emotions is of an unparalleled evolutionary importance and a species devoid of the ability to communicate the existence of pain would perish. Pain is our guardian against the perils of our surroundings. To summarize : we manage our inter-human emotional communication using a universal language which is either physical or, at least, has strong physical correlates. The function of bridging the gap between an idiosyncratic language his or her own and a more universal one was relegated to a group of special individuals called artists. Theirs is the job to experience mostly emotions, to mould it into a the grammar, syntax and vocabulary of a universal language in order to communicate the echo of their idiosyncratic language. They are forever mediating between us and their experience. Rightly so, the quality of an artist is measured by his ability to loyally represent his unique language to us. The smaller the distance between the original experience the emotion of the artist and its external representation the more prominent the artist. We declare artistic success when the universally communicable representation succeeds at recreating the original emotion felt by the artist with us. It is very much like those science fiction contraptions which allow for the decomposition of the astronauts body in one spot and its recreation, atom for atom in another teleportation. Even if the artist fails to do so but succeeds in calling forth any kind of emotional response in his viewers/readers/listeners, he is deemed successful. Every artist has a reference group, his audience. They could be alive or dead for instance, he could measure himself against past artists. They could be few or many, but they must exist for art, in its fullest sense, to exist. Modern theories of art speak about the audience as an integral and defining part of the artistic creation and even of the artefact itself. But this, precisely, is the source of the dilemma of the artist: Who is to determine who is a good, qualitative artist and who is not? Put differently, who is to measure the distance between the original experience and its representation? After all, if the original experience is an element of an idiosyncratic, non-communicable, language we have no access to any information regarding it and, therefore, we are in no position to judge it. Only the artist has access to it and only he can decide how far is his representation from his original experience. .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 , .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 .postImageUrl , .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 , .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423:hover , .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423:visited , .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423:active { border:0!important; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423:active , .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423 .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6447d8ecee935d05175a7e9c35a34423:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Henri Toulouse LautrecArt criticism is impossible. Granted, his reference group his audience, however limited, whether among the living, or among the dead has access to that meta language, that universal dictionary available to all humans. But this is already a long way towards the representation the work of art. No one in the audience has access to the original experience and their capacity to pass judgement is, therefore, in great doubt. On the other hand, only the reference group, only the audience can aptly judge the representation for what it is. The artist is too emotionally involved. True, the cold, objective facts concerning the work of art are available to both artist and reference group but the audience is in a privileged status, its bias is less pronounced. Normally, the reference group will use the meta language embedded in us as humans, some empathy, some vague comparisons of emotions to try and grasp the emotional foundation laid by the artist. But this is very much like substituting verbal intercourse for the real thing. Talking about emotions let alone making assumptions about what the artist may have felt that we also, maybe, share is a far cry from what really transpired in the artists mind. We are faced with a dichotomy : The epistemological elements in the artistic process belong exclusively and incommunicably to the artist The ontological aspects of the artistic process belong largely to the group of reference but they have no access to the epistemological domain And the work of art can be judged only by comparing the epistemological to the ontological. Nor the artist, neither his group of reference can do it. This mission is nigh impossible. Thus, an artist must make a decision early on in his career: Should he remain loyal and close to his emotional experiences and studies and forgo the warmth and comfort of being reassured and directed from the outside, through the reactions of the reference group, or should he consider the views, criticism and advice of the reference group in his artistic creation and, most probably, have to compromise the quality and the intensity of his original emotion in order to be more communicative.

Machavelli Essays - Machiavellianism, Niccol Machiavelli, The Prince

Machavelli Machiavelli and the President Lately, the president of the United States Bill Clinton, has pursued some policies that have been very unpopular not only with the general public but the electorate as well. Besides the whole Monica ordeal he feels that these unpopular policies will effect the results of the next election. The presidential advisors have formulated countless plans but no plan has seemed to work. One idea would be to leave the unpopular policies as they are because of the president and advisors belief that they are the best for the country. Another option would be to just present the unpopular policies in a new way to maybe change public opinion on them. Still another would be to just ignore the policies and concentrate on the election. No matter what option , if any, should be chosen one must be thought up quick and it must not only address the problem but solve it and fast. Since I have recently learned about Machiavelli and his work titled The Prince I feel his opinions would help to influence some decisions for the president and his advisors. A first and very important view of Machiavelli would be his view of the prince and his advisors. ?It is an infallible rule that a prince who is not wise himself cannot be well advised.?(p.117) As it is up to the prince to be well advised it is also up to the president to be well advised as well. The president's advisors, as well as the president, are not sure what actions to take, which in Machiavelli's view would not be a good characteristic of a leader and as a result would not help gain friendship of the people. Good relationship with the people is one of his greatest points because without the people there is no leader. The leader, the president, must have the support of the people and if not he will not stay in power long. The president is not doing a good job of this because of his very unpopular policies. Machiavelli would never choose to just continue on the same path and peruse unpopular policies. ?It is necessary for a prince to possess the friendship; otherwise he has no recourse in times of adversity.?(p.65) In response to this he would abandon the unpopular policies and concentrate on winning the election, keeping the people happy. Not only should the leader concentrate on the present and the future but consider the past. ? The prince ought to read history and study the actions of eminent men, examine the causes of their victories and defeat in order to imitate the former and avoid the latter.?(p.82) History is bound to repeat itself if not watched very carefully. The leader must avoid repeating the blunders of the past and take note of the victories preceding him. Another view that would help the president out in his policies would be Machiavelli's view on boldness. The leader is far better of to be bold instead of cautious. If you expect for the worse and be prepared for bad times even if its not the best strategy you will be better off in the long run. ?For if it happens that time and circumstances are favourable to one who acts with caution and prudence he will be successful, but if time and circumstances change he will be ruined, because he does not change his mode of procedure.?(p. 121) The leader must at all times be prepared for the worst so he does not get caught off guard and make the people mad. If these views of Machiavelli seem straight forward or to direct maybe Leo Strauss or J.G.A. Pocock could explain these methods of leadership to the president. Pocock would elaborate on the subject of historical awareness. He could help the president understand that we have to look to our past to help better ourselves for the future. Strauss on the hand would compare Machiavelli to the greeks and thier writtings. He would go in depth though about how the greeks, Mr. T in particular, were kings in understatements while Machiavelli was very straightforward in his writtings. After presenting these views to the president I hope my knowledge of Machiavelli and his way of thinking could help influence the policies in place and maybe help the president win the up coming election. Maybe after my essay is read and I graduate Southwest Texas with a Political Science degree maybe I could get a job at the White House and someday take over

Working With A Homeless Service Social Work Essay Essays

Working With A Homeless Service Social Work Essay Essays Working With A Homeless Service Social Work Essay Essay Working With A Homeless Service Social Work Essay Essay There are a figure of accomplishments and attributes that contribute to doing a good support worker. It may be deserving sing whether these fit well with the accomplishments you already have and with those that you would wish to develop: strong interpersonal accomplishments, including being an empathic good hearer, able to discourse hard subjects in a sensitive manner, and to pass on every bit good with service users and other professionals an ability to work reflectively, disputing your ain premises, believing about the effectivity of your work and possible ways frontward. This may besides include a self-awareness about the impact the work has on you a non-judgemental and empowering attitude, neer enforcing your ain point of position, but alternatively back uping service users to accomplish their ain ends. You will necessitate to show a echt regard for the diverseness, pick, and strengths of your service users dependability. You will hold important duty for pull offing the safety of your service users, and you will besides necessitate to present on what you offer service users in order to construct a trusting relationship. An ability to work in a boundaried manner, guaranting that your relationships with service users remain professional instead than traversing into friendly relationship. You need to guarantee that you act in the service users best involvements, recognizing the trust placed in you as a professional. Working with stateless people has been enormously honoring, supplying to me an chance to give assistance, comfort and support to a genuinely vulnerable section of our population in an effort to assist further positive alteration in the quality of their lives. Homelessness occurs non because person is needfully excessively ill to take attention of themselves. Homelessness occurs because these persons are ill and can non pay the measures or trade with the emphasis that being sick and unable to pay the measures overwhelms them with. It can besides be disputing and nerve-racking, particularly when the right solution does nt be, or your hopes of alteration for an person are disappointed. I find it rather gross outing that upward of 3000 people are asleep homeless on the streets tonight in a metropolis that prides itself greatly as being one of the best metropoliss in America and with its richness and prosperity conspicuously displayed all around, who would doubt its claims? I, personally, happen it an indignation and feel I am entitled to that indignation, as I one time was one of those 3000 or one of the estimated 650,000 individuals presently populating in stateless state of affairss across the state. There are a broad scope of issues that can be traveling on in footings of mental wellness issues with respect to the homeless. Everything that can travel incorrect with the psychological health of the person can go on with homelessness because of the enormous sums of emphasis these people are under routinely. The may non even have been mentally sick at the oncoming of their homelessness but the endurance accomplishments that are necessary on a twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours, sometimes, minute to minute footing are so radically different than for those who have even basic lodging, it can badly falsify an person s full mind. For teens and striplings, it s much less an issue of economic sciences than it is more an issue of being a hapless tantrum between them and their households or society s inability to protect them from a broad assortment of developmentally detrimental societal and psychological environments. Most freshly homeless young persons and grownups do nt kip. They walk, all dark long. Or they ride the coachs. When they do sleep, they sleep during the twenty-four hours because they are so afraid, so panicky of the dark and of merely what might go on, they merely can non travel to kip. From my personal experience, sleep want can do you travel merely a small loony, particularly when accompanied by an exponential quality that exists the longer either status persists and continues. Peoples are deceasing invariably out on the streets. Night clip onslaughts are frequent and singular. While most people are shuting up for the dark, locking doors, look intoing on their kids and doing themselves unafraid to kip fitfully, there are people stretched out on a cover or a piece of composition board, under an flyover, in an back street or in an derelict edifice, who are wholly vulnerable and unprotected to anyone who comes across them, whether it s another stateless individual or some angered rummy who sees them as a mark or some pack of childs, out on the prowl, far excessively high. The mean age of mortality for those populating on the streets of Seattle is 49. However, presently, one of the biggest jobs with Seattle s stateless population and, is traveling to be of even greater concern in the hereafter, is that the stateless population of Seattle is aging. Quite merely, there are traveling to be more aged people than of all time earlier and every bit sad as it is to see a 40 something stateless individual faltering around rummy or hooked on cleft cocaine, as Seattle s stateless population ages, it will travel beyond the kingdom of in humane and all because these people have no topographic point to be. They lack basic lodging and security. Just merely taking all of the associated emphasis of non holding a house could salvage the metropolis 100 s of 1000s of dollars in mental wellness intervention entirely. While this would surely non even get down to turn to the many issues with respects to Seattle s stateless population, it would surely and unambiguously, be the best topographic point to get down or the best pattern attack that is in the b est involvement of the client. There are stateless people who have been stuck on the streets for old ages. They know their state of affairs is non traveling to alter, in fact, they know it can merely acquire worse. The lives that they live are so fringy, so delicate that it is non astonishing to recognize the extent, in which homeless people will travel, in order to look out for one another. Lots of people pair up, travel and slumber in groups, busying the same land and watching each other s dorsums. One such brace I converse with on a regular basis. The first, is an person who did 14 old ages of clip in a Federal prison in California, got in problem instantly, took to the streets and neer went back. He paired up with a cat whose life was ruined at age 20 by service in Viet Nam, where he had snuck up on and killed one excessively many people. In kernel, he did nt cognize how to cover with it, being far excessively immature to treat such behaviour and the military neer gave him any aid and as a consequence, he beca me a chronic alky. However, there is merely one standard for homelessness that has nil to make with drugs or intoxicant or mental unwellness or anything. The lone thing required for such position is to merely, non hold a place. They do nt hold a place and every individual of those 3000 homeless you can lodge in a place and maintain there is a positive thing and could merely travel to function the best involvement of the person in demand of Human Service. I prefer Humane Service.

An Introduction To The Operations Management Concepts Business Essay

An Introduction To The Operations Management Concepts Business Essay Operations Management has been defined by Krajewski, et al. (2007) as the control and direction of the processes of the organization that changes its input materials to products and/or services for its customers. This report will compare how Mercedes-Benz and Honda manage their operations. The comparison might be useful because it would help identify various ways an organisation could be run in order to meet its goals and objectives. The report will give a brief background of the two organizations mentioned above and then would move on to the comparison of their marketing strategies and competitive priorities. Finally, the importance of frameworks such as capacity planning, inventory management, supply chain design, Total quality management and performance measures, would be discussed and how they could be useful in helping an organisation function efficiently and effectively. A) COMPANY BACKGROUND OF MERCEDEZ BENZ [MERCEDEZ-BENZ U.S. INTERNATIONAL, inc. (MBUSI)] and HONDA [HONDA MA NUFACTURING OF ALABAMA, LLC. (HMA)]. MERCEDEZ-BENZ (MBUSI) Mercedes-Benz U.S. International, Inc. (http://www.mbusi.com) was established for the main purpose of manufacturing the M-Class. The M-class was such a huge success that they decided in August 2000 to expand the facility not only to manufacture more units of It, but also to include the R and GL-classes to its product list. The expansion not only doubled the plant size but also the labor force. The plant consists of a body shop, paint shop and two assembly shops. MBUSI receives orders from their 135 worldwide markets. MBUSI uses the â€Å"Just-in-Time† (JIT) philosophy which implies that they do not stockpile large amounts of the inventory they use to assemble their cars. HONDA (HMA) HMA (http://www.hondaalabama.com) manufactures the odyssey, ridgeline and pilot models for the world wide market. HMA’s investment in Alabama is over $1.4billion with the construction of a new Honda Engineering facility, on-site con solidation center and steel blanking operation. One of their goals is to be able to produce goods with high quality and sell at a reasonable price. HMA can be referred to as a Zero Landfill Facility due to the fact that they are committed to the principle of â€Å"Reduce, Reuse and Recycle†. They have made efforts in curbing energy use during their production processes, and this has earned them an energy star award from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). A.1) OPERATION/TRANSFORMATION PROCESS OF THE ORGANIZATIONS MERCEDEZ-BENZ (MBUSI) The manufacturing process for both models begins in the Body Shop where the components that comprise the metal body are welded together. From the body shop, they are taken to the ultra-clean Paint Shop where the cars are painted. Finally, they end up in the Assembly where it becomes a new Mercedes-Benz M, R, or GL-Class ready for shipping. From beginning to end, these vehicles are created with style, functionality, and quality in min d (http://www.mbusi.com). HONDA (HMA) Honda Manufacturing of Alabama (HMA) has the largest output for Honda light trucks. It has the capacity to create over 300,000 odyssey minivans, pilot sport utility vehicles, Ridgeline pick-up trucks and V-6 engines annually (http://www.hondaalabama.com).

Attitude Toward Aging Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Attitude Toward Aging Process - Essay Example They are faced with other complications such as hearing and eyesight impairment, memory loss and diminished joint mobility. Wrinkling of skin We need to infuse change in the nurses' attitude since they are not just interested in the status of elderly health. For this case this negative attitude should be changed fro them to be able to serve elderly people with confidence in future. The medical curriculum recommended interdisciplinary subject that includes multiple specialty subject on aging process and a number of diseases of elderly people. The subject provided both community and hospital based teaching materials. Since then there are a number of theory have come up to explain the aging process. (Rieder, 2004) These theories are the wear and tear theories and Genome based theories. The wear and tear theories are old theories which include; cross linkage theory, free radical theory, error catastrophe theory and the waste product accumulation theory. On the other hand, the genome based theories are the most recent theories of the aging process and they include; somatic mutation, finite doubling potential of cells and the programmed aging. (Rieder, 2004) According to Reider (2004), people with over 65 years in United States most often spend a lot of their time in health care than those below the age of 65 years.

Case study on an historical Civil Engineering failure Essay - 1

Case study on an historical Civil Engineering failure - Essay Example The author also cites other definitions of failure in engineering projects to be occasioned by the lack of conformity between the design and the expectations. In these definitions of project failure in the civil engineering sector, the author comes up with a simplified and precise approach for civil engineering designs that takes care of two basic aspects. On one side of the aspects, the author states that everything likely to go wrong in the project is highlighted in the design while protection measures must be introduced on the other hand. It is therefore correct to state that engineering designs are prepared in contemplation of difficult and disturbing realities that perfect conditions of implementation are inexistent. Engineers proactively introduce certain measures to overcome the challenges of imperfect conditions at every stage of project implementation. However, certain factors not foreseen in design, foreseen but inadequately tackled in the design or totally uncontrollable factors present the most difficult challenge to an engineer. Failure in civil engineering sector has been a matter of debate since antiquity, yet how to completely avoid it still remains elusive. This case study enumerates circumstances and details of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse as a classical example of how devastating it could be in case of a failure in the civil engineering sector. Background information is complemented by causes and responses thereon have been included in the essay. In Tacoma, Washington, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge that is over 850 meters of span was designed and commissioned at a cost of about six and a half million US dollars to connect Seattle and Tacoma to Puget Navy Yard. It was seen as a major transport solution for both economic and military purposes around the Olympic peninsula. The University of Washington reported that the bridge was celebrated as a triumph of man’s ingenuity

Native Americans- Minority Role Essay Example for Free

Native Americans- Minority Role Essay Power and Minority Group Position: The Case of Native Americans Majority/Minority group relations can be illustrated by studying the role of power and how it is distributed between groups. The majority, or group that wields the most power, directly affects the circumstances for the minority. In most cases power struggle leads to racial and ethnic inequality. This scenario describes the case of the Native Americans. Since the arrival of the Europeans in 1492 the Native American has systematically been dehumanized, decivilized and redefined into terms that typify a subordinate or minority role, restricted life opportunities persist today as a result (Farley, 2000). When European settlers arrived on American shores to settle a New World, around 7 million Native Americans had been settled in the wilderness north of present-day Mexico for some time. It is believed that the first Native Americans arrived during the last Ice Age, approximately 20,000 30,000 years ago, by crossing the Bering Strait from northeastern Siberia into Alaska. Over thousands of years, spiritual kin-based communities had survived by living off the land and bartering goods. Their diversity was reflected by their societies, which ranged from small, mobile bands of hunter-gatherers in the Great Basin to temple-mound builders in the Southeast (DiBacco, 1995). The encounter of early explorers with the people of the Americas would ultimately set in motion the destruction of long existing Native American life and culture. Engrained into the minds of the Europeans were prejudiced images and stereotypes of the Native Americans, which we struggle still today to eradicate. From the 1490s to the 1590s, Europeans pushed inward across America from both coasts. Encounters with these settlers attracted many Native Americans toward European goods, but their attitudes toward the newcomers themselves depended greatly on previous experiences (Farley, 2000). In most cases, the early explorers found the Native American peoples to be friendly and generous. Columbus was immediately struck by the peaceful, generous nature of the Taino. The Taino society was highly organized around a patriarchal hierarchy and distinguished by happiness and friendliness. Columbus frankly stated how surprised he had been to make friends with the Indians. He wrote, They are gentle and comely people. They are so naive and free with their possessions that no one who has not witnessed them would never believe it. When you ask for something they have, they never say no. To the contrary, they offer to share with anyone They willingly traded everything they owned (DiBacco, 1995) When the Europeans settlers started to arrive in the 16th- and 17th-centurys they too were met by Native Americans. The Natives regarded their white-complexioned visitors as something of a marvel, not only for their outlandish dress and beards and winged ships, but even more for their wonderful technology steel knives and swords, fire-belching arquebus and cannons, mirrors, hawkbells and earrings, copper and brass kettles, etc. (Jordan, 1991). Increased interaction led to the Indians becoming less self-sufficient and economically dependent on the whites. As the years went on, however, the natives began to realize that the Europeans had much more in mind than a few settlements. They began to realize that their entire way of life was under siege. By the time the truth occurred to them, however, it was probably already too late. Their bows and arrows were no match for the Europeans firearms, and their bodies could not defend against the foreign diseases (DiBacco, 1995). As the encroachment of settlers on Indian lands continued, so did the inevitable conflicts. To the Indians, the arriving Europeans seemed attuned to another world; they appeared oblivious to the rhythms and spirits of nature (Jordan, 1991). Nature to the Europeans was something of an obstacle, even an enemy, and these disrespectful attitudes were quite apparent to the Indians. The wilderness was also a commodity however: a forest was so many board feet of timber, a beaver colony so many pelts, a herd of buffalo so many hides (Jordan, 1991). The Europeans cultural arrogance and ethnocentrism, and their materialistic view of the land and its inhabitants were repulsive to the Indians. Europeans, overall, were regarded as something mechanical soulless creatures wielding diabolically ingenious tools and weapons to accomplish selfish ends (Jordan, 1991). Initial European impressions of the Native American population were formed by the descriptions of Columbus and other explorers. Although Columbus initially praised the Taino, crediting them with a very acute intelligence , he also provided an unfavorable view of Native Americans when he discussed the Carib Indians, who were said to be very fierce cannibals. This description set the stage for the long-enduring image of the hostile, savage Indian (Berkhofer, 1978). Another New World explorer, Amerigo Vespucci further established this imagery in his writings about the natives stating, The nations wage war upon one another without art or order. The elders by means of certain harangues of theirs bend the youths to their will and inflame them to wars in which they cruelly kill one another, and those whom they bring home captives from war they preserve, not to spare their lives, but that they may be slain for food; for they eat one another, the victors the vanquished, and among other kinds of meat human flesh is a common article of diet with them. Nay be the more assured of this fact because the father has already been seen to eat children and wife (Burkhofer, 1978). The recently developed printing press rapidly dispersed such images through both print and picture, and these representations became firmly etched in the minds of the Europeans (Bataille, 1980). Eventually, the Native Americans were considered subhuman and evil. The hope of civilizing the Indian was often expressed, but ultimately religion required the eventual submission of the Indians to white domination (Burkhofer, 1978) When colonies began to form in North America, the colonists wanted to create a world similar to the one they had left. The Indians were a major barrier to this progress and civilization. The colonists hoped the natives would embrace Christianity and become assimilated within the colonist society. When the Native Americans resisted, they, like the wilderness, became merely an obstacle in the colonists path. Because they would not conform to the European way of life, their destruction was inevitable. Because some justification was needed in order to wipe out the entire race, the stereotype of the bloodthirsty savage was solidified (Bataille, 1980). The Europeans were accustomed to owning land and claimed ownership of the new territory, justifying their actions with the fact that the Indians were nomads with no interest in owning any land. The conflicts led to many wars and various actions instituted by the Europeans in order to accomplish their objectives. The Indian tribes were at a great disadvantage during these wars because of their modest numbers, nomadic life, lack of advanced weapons, and unwillingness to cooperate, even in their own defense (Jordan, 1991). During the nineteenth century, the American Indians, by tradition a communal people, were forcibly separated from their native cultures and lands. By the mid-1840s most of the Native Americans east of the Mississippi River had been relocated to Indian Territory, as a result of President Andrew Jacksons Indian Removal Act of 1830. This act gave territory to Native Americans who agreed to reject their ancestral holdings. This act allowed the Indians to live on the declared territory indefinitely. Many refused to leave their homelands, however, engaging in battles destined to end in death and destruction. These Native Americans were subjected to numerous forms of violence, such as raping, scalping and lynching, among other acts (Zinn, 1980). The Europeans eventually stripped the Native Americans of most of their lands, and as the settlers pushed further west, the boundaries of the Indian Territory continued to shrink. As the wandering Indians encountered existing tribes and the designated Indian Territory became more crowded, conflicts over land and hunting rights ensued. The relocated Indians were often struck by famine, as buffalo and other game became scarce. The reduction of the overcrowded Indian reservations was continued as more white settlers arrived in America (Zinn, 1980). The building of the transcontinental railroad allowed for thousands of white setters to make their way across Indian Territory. Native Americans forced off their lands often starved on the poor land or died of diseases brought with the settlers from Europe. Indians were often pressured to sign treaties giving up land and agreeing to live on reservations. In return, the government vowed to provide the Indians with services and supplies (Todd, 1986). The white men did not uphold this promise, however. Most of the Native Americans were nomadic and nonagricultural, and all depended for survival on hunting the buffalo (Jordan, 1991). The settlers realized the usefulness of the buffalo hides and killed an estimated three million buffalo each year over a three-year period. The devastation of the buffalo was also devastating to the Indians (Jordan, 1991). Tensions were increased as Indians traveled outside reservation lines to hunt buffalo for survival. When government attempts at concentrating the Native Americans in reservations proved ineffective, many battles ensued between Indians and Americans. Because their designated land was insufficient, the Indians were forced to revolt in order to survive (Todd, 1986). Terribly disadvantaged, however, the Native Americans were not able to defend themselves against the settlers. Most American Indians saw themselves as citizens of sovereign Indian nations. In fact, during the first half of the 1800s, the U. S. government treated Indians who lived in tribes as members of separate nations. The federal government even negotiated formal treaties with them. All that changed in the latter half of the 1800s. The U. S.government began to look at Indians as wards or dependents instead of citizens of their own sovereign nations or citizens of the United States. In 1870, the Senate declared that the Fourteenth Amendment, which granted citizenship to African Americans, did not apply to American Indians who lived in tribes. In 1871, Congress stated that hereafter no Indian nation or tribe within the territory of the United States shall be recognized as an independent nation (DiBacco, 1995). In 1887, congress passed the Dawes Act, dividing both reservations and families. Indian families who agreed to live separate and apart from any tribe were given their own land to cultivate. After 25 years, the family would be granted both land and U. S. citizenship. This U. S. policy stressed Indian assimilation of the habits of civilized life through citizenship, education, and individual land ownership (DiBacco, 1995). Traditionally, Native Americans owned land through tribes and communities, as opposed to individually. The effort to individualize Indians and force them to forgo their tribal and traditional ways caused strife among tribal communities and provoked a growing Indian opposition (Zinn, 1980). Once again, however, the Indians suffered because the quality of their land was very poor, they were untrained at farming, and they lacked proper tools. Additionally, disease and malnutrition increased as common causes of death. Between 1887 and 1934, American Indian nations lost more than sixty percent of their land to the American federal government (Jordan, 1991). The end of the 19th century marked the end of the Indian Wars with an unprovoked massacre in 1890 during which Indian warriors, women, and children were slaughtered by U. S. cavalry at Wounded Knee (Jordan, 1991). In the end approximately 200 Native American men, women, and children had been killed (DiBacco, 1995). In the early twentieth century Indians continued to be the target of civilized assimilation efforts. In accordance with these efforts, the government funded Native American churches and schools. Education has been regarded as a primary tool in the cultural genocide, or assimilation, of Native Americans throughout history. Its overall effect severely diluted Native American culture with Christian European values and beliefs, but taught no Native American history (Keohane, 2003). The Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania, the Haskell Institute in Kansas, and the Chilocco Indian School in Oklahoma all sought to eradicate Indian languages and lifestyles. Native Americans from various areas were forced to send their children to such schools. Most were boarding schools where students would have no contact with their tribal homeland. Students were forced to adapt themselves to the culture of the colonists under a militarized system that enforced the use of the English language, English names, and Christian religion, while dismissing Native American cultures as uncivilized. Many of the students were even kept from their families during breaks as they were sent off to work under white families, still furthering their cultural immersion and strengthening the American economy. Kill the Indian and save the man was the Carlisle Schools motto (Keohane, 2003). During the first few decades of the 20th century, the gap between Indians and whites widened as Native Americans continued to find the thinking of white Americans illogical, and Federal officials continued to outlaw Indian religious practices. As assimilation efforts began to succeed, American Indians were reduced in the public eye to the status of ancient relics. For example, most citizens were unaware that ten thousand Indian men were serving in World War I or that educated Indians were becoming teachers, farmers, and ministers (Zinn, 1980). Many of the stereotypes of Native Americans originally created in Columbus time have carried over to contemporary society. This only solidified white attitudes about manifest destiny and the role of the Indian in North America. The bloodthirsty savage had become a staple of the popular dime novel and Wild West shows (Bataille,1980). By the time of World War I, the image of the ignorant, savage Native American was firmly established in popular film, which was greatly profitable though historically inaccurate. The generic Indian was portrayed in fringed clothing, communicating through grunts and simple language (Bataille, 1980). Even today, many people overgeneralize about Native Americans, seeing them as one people even though the tribes have always differed in many ways. In 1924, Native Americans were finally given some recognition as a federal law pushed U. S.citizenship upon the remaining Indian population, BE IT ENACTED , THAT ALL NON-CITIZEN INDIANS BORN WITHIN THE TERRITORIAL LIMITS OF THE UNITED STATES BE AND THEY ARE HEREBY, DECLARED TO BE CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES: PROVIDED, THAT THE GRANTING OF SUCH CITIZENSHIP SHALL NOT IN ANY MANNER IMPAIR OR OTHERWISE AFFECT THE RIGHT OF ANY INDIAN TO TRIBAL OR OTHER PROPERTY. THE INDIAN CITIZENSHIP ACT, APPROVED JUNE 2, 1924 Despite their newly gained citizenship, Native Americans were blocked from voting for the next twenty years in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. As a result, The Indian Rights Association and The American Indian Defense Association were formed to protect Indian rights, but the two organizations had limited power or impact (DiBacco, 1995). The plight of American Indians attracted little attention until 1928, when a shocking study, the Meriam Report, exposed the frequency of Indian poverty and the failure of government to fulfill allotted promises. The result of this new interest in reform was called the Indian New Deal, a new law that would restructure tribal governments and the administration of federal policies. The bill became the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. It introduced federal programs to support Indian agriculture, vocational education, and economic development. It included a provision that allowed reservation communities to set up tribal governments patterned after local units of the American government. Despite criticisms of the law being too paternalistic and undermining tribal traditions, the authority of Indian communities actually did expand during this time. The new Indian governments began to assert their rights in order to reverse the loss of tribal sovereignty (Jordan, 1991). Even though American Indians sent twenty-five thousand men and women to World War II, ten thousand to the Korean conflict, and forty-three thousand to Vietnam, their efforts did little to erase negative images of Indians (Zinn, 1980). Such images have also persisted in federal policy. Following World War II the Bureau of Indian Affairs instituted a program to terminate the federal governments trust relations with many tribes. In 1953 government officials passed a bill reducing federal expenditures and shrinking the federal bureaucracy by getting out of the Indian business and setting Indians free from federal support and protection. Poverty and homelessness quickly produced frustration and anger, and these, in turn, produced additional problems: alcoholism, joblessness, and poverty (Zinn, 1980). In the late 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement kicked off a wave of political activism by Native Americans, successfully changing negative policies and views. A new voice began to be heard in 1961 when the American Indian Chicago Conference gathered to present an Indian agenda for the new Kennedy administration. As American Indian youth became more involved in national Indian issues, the National Indian Youth Council formed (DiBacco, 1995). Additional examples of this new activism and militancy would include the founding of the American Indian Movement in 1968, the occupation of Alcatraz Island in 1969, the Trail of Broken Treaties march of 1972, and the armed occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1973 (Farley, 2000). These and other actions produced a national and highly visible call for Native American self-determination. This new campaign also emphasized individual tribal culture and practices. Pro-Indian legislation emerged during the 1970s as a result of activism and self-determination. The Indian Self-Determination and Educational Assistance Act, was passed in 1975 and stipulated that tribes could enter into contracts with the Indian Bureau to administer their own programs, from education to health care to housing. Other new laws included a settlement of land claims in Maine in 1978 and two pieces of landmark legislation passed the same year. The Indian Child Welfare Act established a role for tribes in the adoption of Indian children and the American Indian Religious Freedom Act declared constitutional support for Native American religious freedom (DiBacco, 1995). Despite growing efforts at self-determination, exploitation still plagues the Native Americans. Recent water and energy needs have led to government and industrial encroachment on Native American Land. Native Americans have even seen their reservations recommended as toxic-waste dumping grounds in exchange for much needed money. Discrimination still continues, especially in cities near the reservations. Tribal governments have enormous responsibilities that include the protection of hunting and fishing rights, water rights, religious traditions, and cultural heritage. At the same time, they struggle to develop successful gaming operations, profitable industrial factories, and effective educational and social-welfare programs. The systematic disorganization and dehumanization of their societies have restricted life opportunities. Poor education, low income, bad housing, poor health, alchoholism, and suicides are serious problems facing Native Americans today. They suffer the highest rates of poverty and unemployment among racial minority groups in the United States. Conditions are worse on Native American reservations, where an estimated 1/3 of them still live. According to goventment statistics on income, Native Americans are the poorest of the poor. (Farley, 2000) Today, many people in the United States ignore or are unaware of the problems Native Americans face. Many of those who are aware often stereotype them as backward, drunk, or unmotivated. Relations between Indians and non-Indians in the United States have been marked by an unfortunate series of blunders caused by prejudice and negative stereotypes. Even still, todays 2. 1 million Native Americans have proved their resilience by surviving oppression in a world dominated by other races and cultures. Unlike other minorities who have fought for equal rights in American society, Native Americans have fought to retain their land and cultures and have avoided assimilation, at a hefty cost. Works Cited Bataille, Gretchen. The Pretend Indians: Images of Native Americans in the Movies. Iowa State University, Ames: 1980 Berkhofer, Robert F. The White Mans Indian. Alfred A. Knopf Publishers, New York, 1978. DiBacco, Thomas V. , Lorna C. Mason, and Christian G. Appy. History of The United States. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1995. Keohane, Sonja. The Reservation Boarding School System in the United States, 1870-1928. http://www. twofrog. com. 3/19/2005 Jordan,Winthrop D. and Leon F. Litwack. The United States. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1991. Todd, Lewis Paul and Merta Curti. Triumph of the American Nation. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Joranovich, Inc. , 1986. Zinn, Howard. A Peoples History of the United States. New York: Harper-Collins, 1980. Farley, John. Majority-Minority Relations. New Jersey: Prentice Hall,2000.

Analysis of A Cry in the Dark Essay -- A Cry in the Dark Religion Chri

Analysis of A Cry in the Dark A Cry in the Dark, based on a true story, is about a mother whose baby is killed during a camping trip along with her husband. The mother, Lindy Chamberlain claims to have seen her baby being carried away by a dingo and then assumes that the dingo is the cause of her baby's death. As she reports this to the police, she is inconsistent with some of the details that she reports along with other factors that stood against her, the police, meda, and even people watching this take place as it caused commotion in the news, accuse her of murdering the child. The mother and the father of the murdered baby are religious and dedicated to the religion of the Seventh Day Adventists. This is a Christian religion whose main idea is the comming of Jesus Chirst for the second time and observing Sabath. Because of events associated with the religion similar to the religion of the Seventh Day Adventists, people assumed that the religion of the Seventh Day Adventists were similar to that of a cult. Also, what increased their reputation of being related to a cult and violence, was their idea and encouraging of scarfices for their religion. Since Lindy Chamberlain followed this religion and was dedicated to it religiously, people assumed that she could be just as violent and sacrifice her baby Azaria into the wilderness. Ironically, the meaning of her baby's name, Azaria, is "sacrificed in the wilder... Analysis of A Cry in the Dark Essay -- A Cry in the Dark Religion Chri Analysis of A Cry in the Dark A Cry in the Dark, based on a true story, is about a mother whose baby is killed during a camping trip along with her husband. The mother, Lindy Chamberlain claims to have seen her baby being carried away by a dingo and then assumes that the dingo is the cause of her baby's death. As she reports this to the police, she is inconsistent with some of the details that she reports along with other factors that stood against her, the police, meda, and even people watching this take place as it caused commotion in the news, accuse her of murdering the child. The mother and the father of the murdered baby are religious and dedicated to the religion of the Seventh Day Adventists. This is a Christian religion whose main idea is the comming of Jesus Chirst for the second time and observing Sabath. Because of events associated with the religion similar to the religion of the Seventh Day Adventists, people assumed that the religion of the Seventh Day Adventists were similar to that of a cult. Also, what increased their reputation of being related to a cult and violence, was their idea and encouraging of scarfices for their religion. Since Lindy Chamberlain followed this religion and was dedicated to it religiously, people assumed that she could be just as violent and sacrifice her baby Azaria into the wilderness. Ironically, the meaning of her baby's name, Azaria, is "sacrificed in the wilder...

Review of “Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl”

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: A Review Harriet Jacobs wrote Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl to show Northern free people what was actually happening to slaves. She hoped her eyewitness stories would convince them that they should speak up against slavery and unite in the effort to end it. She was especially interested in showing free white women the difference between her life and theirs. She wanted them to see that many things they took for granted were denied slave girls and women.Jacobs was asking free people to look at slavery through her eyes and imagine the pain, both physical and emotional, that she and other slaves were forced to endure. Even though she was a slave, her first six years were happy ones. Her father had skills that made him valuable to the white people so he was allowed more freedom than the average slave. Her grandmother was the daughter of a slave holder. She was granted freedom but then recaptured. She was allowed to make money by selling crack ers after her slave duties were done.An injustice Jacobs describes early in her book is the pain suffered by slave families who are separated when one member is auctioned off to the highest bidder. She tells about this happening to her grandmother who helplessly watched as her son was auctioned off at the age of ten for $720. Jacobs knew the pain of a family being torn apart would weaken a free woman’s stand on slavery. Males were auctioned off more than females because owners were more likely to keep females as sex partners and to father children by them.Slave owners made promises to slaves but never felt obligated to keep those promises. Jacobs’ grandmother had been promised freedom when her mistress died. The executor of the 2 estate, Dr. Flint, instead sold her for $70. In spite of what the will said, he got away with selling her because she was property and no one held him responsible for this unlawful act. She also was never repaid when she lent her life savings to her mistress. Two of the most chilling events Jacobs reports witnessing are on pages 15 and 16.She tells of a male slave who was savagely beaten by Dr. Flint because the slave argued with his wife after finding out their child was really the son of Dr. Flint. She goes on to tell the story of a young slave girl in labor delivering her master’s child. The master’s wife stood by mocking the young girl as the newborn died. The slave girl’s mother watched as her only child also died during child birth. Jacobs wrote, â€Å"The poor black woman had but the one child, whose eyes she saw closing in death, while she thanked God for taking her away from the greater bitterness of life. Much of the book explains Harriet’s attempts to avoid Dr. Flint’s sexual advances. When she reached the age of 15 he began a relentless pursuit of her. She was disgusted by his attention. She did not want to lose her virginity to her master as she saw many other slave girls do. She prayed for a way to get away from him. She endured the jealousy of Dr. Flint’s wife who recognized what was going on. She was in love with a free black man but her master forbid her to have any contact with him. After she convinced her lover to go away, Harriet met Mr. Sands.She became intimate with him in another effort to escape the unwanted advances of Dr. Flint. She had children with Sands but still was not able to get free. Eventually she ran away. She hid for 7 years in a cramped crawl space at her grandmother’s house. Jacob’s goes into detail about her escape to the North and the people who were kind enough to help her in her efforts to stay in contact with her family and to stay hidden from Dr. Flint. He continued his search for her until he died. Jacobs then hid from his family who began a search for her. Harriet learned she couldn’t depend on Mr.Sands for help in getting their children 3 freed. She lived for a time with Isaac and Amy P ost who were activists working for the Underground Railroad. Eventually a woman named Mrs. Bruce bought Harriet Jacobs from Flint’s children for $300 and she gave her her freedom. Her grandmother got to see Harriet free but died shortly after that. Harriet found out that her children, Emily and William, already knew things like who their real father was and where she had been hiding for all those years.Jacobs is very graphic when she describes slavery and the terrible treatment of slaves. She is very good at detailing her thoughts and reactions to the horrible things she saw and experienced. She reminds free women that most women have the same dream of a loving husband, children and a happy home. She also makes it clear that only free women can live their dream. She often expresses the belief that slavery is worse than death. On page 47 she challenges doubtful readers to visit the South and witness the injustice of slavery for themselves.I’m sure that the book does not include all the events that made Harriet Jacobs who she was. There were probably some good memories she could have shared but that would not have supported her argument or fulfilled her purpose. It is not clear to me why Dr. Flint was constantly asking for Harriet’s affection and never forced her to have sex with him. He did with other slave girls. I wonder if he actually loved her and wanted her to submit to him willingly. He also searched for her for many years until his death. Why didn’t he just rape her as he believed he had a right to?This book is easy to read, interesting, and well written. I don’t really believe a slave could write that well though. I also doubt she could have lived in a crawl space for seven years without more serious physical and mental harm. Some things might have been exaggerated to accomplish the author’s goal. She succeeds in showing readers how unjust slavery was. It’s a good book because, even today, we need to be r eminded about how ignorant, cruel and evil people can be. Not all of America’s history is good. We should never forget how the slaves suffered.

Foreign Bodies

When All is Lost, Faith Remains Many people find themselves in a constant struggle of faith. These individuals are often questioning if there is a God, and if there is how does one know. In Hwee Hwee Tan’s novel, Foreign Bodies, there is a struggle of faith in each of the four main characters. Mei and Andy are two of these characters that are able to come to faith in the Christian God after life altering experiences. These experiences have caused each of them to analyze and attack life in different ways.Each of these individuals have been able to overcome a treacherous past, and find faith, hope, desire and justice in their futures through Tan’s novel. Mei’s religious views are consistent throughout the novel, Foreign Bodies. Though she was born into a Confucianism based family, Mei chose at a young age to throw her traditional Singaporean beliefs to the side, and walk in the light of God, with her Uncle Cheong’s guidance, through faith in Christianity. It was a brutal shock to Mei’s grandfather when he finds out she no longer believes in her family’s faith.This conversation arises as Mei’s grandfather is telling her how to reduce her time in hell. â€Å"After I die, you going to feed me or not? † Gong Gong is shocked when Mei replies that she will be unable to. He immediately responds by asking who is responsible for the change in Mei’s beliefs. He is not surprised when she responds with Uncle Cheong. As a child everyone has a hero they look up to. Uncle Cheong is Mei’s hero. â€Å"In my eyes Uncle Cheong could do no wrong. Even his farts smelled like Aramis No. 7.With the heart of Mother Teresa and the body of Tom Cruise, Uncle Cheong was my hero†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Mei’s adoration allowed herself to be susceptible to Uncle Chong’s stories and views of God. She loved when he would tell her stories about her newfound savior. A key role in the strengthening of Mei’s faith in G od was due to the incident at Red Hill. Mei has oppressed this tragedy in her memory for many years, and only a few people are aware that it took place. As a four year old, Mei’s father took her to Red Hill to run and play with her lantern. It was the time of year when Mid-autumn was celebrated.At Red Hill, Mei’s father raped her. While this was occurring Mei sent multiple prayers up to her God. â€Å"I used all the prayers I knew, all the prayers Uncle Cheong had taught me. † Mei’s connection with God helped her get through her father raping her. She no longer felt the pain after she started to seek God’s help through prayer. Without the help of God, Mei may not have been able to become the person she is today. It is a miracle that Mei was able to recover physically, emotionally, and most important spiritually from this tragedy.One might have suspected that she would have lost all faith in God, for letting her father hurt her the way he did. This incident proves how strong Mei has faith in God. She has accepted that he will always be there for her, to watch and protect over her, even though it may not be immediately. Mei’s ultimate view of evil is seen through her view of evil being extremely prevalent throughout society. She believes that when someone close to her commits an act of wrong, it is her responsibility as a good Christian to fix their mistakes.This was seen in multiple events throughout the novel. Mei, with the push of her father’s will, believed that her mother is not able to take care of her own finances. Mei took on the burden of regulating her mother’s money, and frequently became frustrated and irritated with the way her mother wants to spend her mother. â€Å"My mother was a sucker for sales. She would go for anything which said ‘Offer ends today. ’ She was the type who would mass-buy toothpicks. † This quote displays the burdens Mei takes on with caring for her moth er.Mei is constantly trying to fix her mother’s life and teach her values that Mei finds important. Mei’s views on evil and religion are very different from Andy’s views of God. At the beginning of the novel Andy’s view of evil directly stems from his belief in the absence of God. Andy wishes to find some sort of proof that there is a God and goodness in the world, and he wants to be able to feel and understand God by himself. He denies the presence of this goodness and God in the beginning of Foreign Bodies by placing his desires into football teams. Too mediocre to ever achieve anything great in life by my own merits, I latched my personal identity onto something which could achieve greatness for me: a football club. † When Andy establishes his stance on religion at this point of the novel he is stating that he wants something great, but he is lost as to what this greatness is. Many individuals would seek a religion to fulfill these desires, but A ndy is content with placing his dreams on a football team. Though Andy in the beginning of the novel considers himself a â€Å"lapsed atheist†, he develops and changes throughout to become the person he eventually intended to be.Andy’s conversion to faith in God was originally not self-motivated. Andy seemed to have an eye for Mei, and Mei did not want a relationship with an individual that had spiritual beliefs different from hers, let alone none at all. After they start dating and Andy enters trail Mei accuses him of having no spiritual beliefs at all. â€Å"You faked it all, pretending to have seen Jesus, giving up gambling. You only said that to trick me into going out with you. † Andy gives no response as Mei’s statement is partially true, but Andy always did have hope that there was something more out there.Andy continuously hinted to the reader that he wanted something more to believe in. He may not have had the same extent of belief in God that Me i does, but she had no right to call him out as a complete non-believer. Though Mei’s push for Andy to find a spiritual safe haven was unsuccessful, the trail that Andy was put on gave him the final push to help him find God. Andy had been put on trial in Singapore for gambling on football games. This action had been legal in England where Andy had lived before his move to Singapore.Even though he was innocent of the charges against him, another individual who had hopes of framing a different man set him up. Once the trail began, and all of his friends had left him to face the charges alone, Andy had no other option, but to turn to God. He was an innocent man that stood no chance of winning his court case. Andy knew that he would be spending the next three years in jail, and he needed something to help pull him through when everyone else abandoned him. This abandonment caused Andy to put his trust and faith into he newfound God. â€Å"He slay me, yet I will trust him. This s tatement made by Andy in a letter to Mei proves that he came to God on his own free will without the help of anyone else. The absence of God that Andy once felt in his life has been removed due to his newfound faith. â€Å"I love God not for what He gives, but for who He is. I love him because He is God. I don’t care how much He hurts me, I will still love him, because no matter what I do to Him, He will still adore me. † The words could never be confessed from a straight atheist. Andy has always had hope and desire that there was some form of good out there for him, it just took longer than expected to find it.Though Mei and Andy are both believers in the Christian God, the experiences and challenges they both overcame to come to faith are extremely different, but still have similarities. Both of these individuals are able to forgive. Forgiveness in the Christian church is a huge belief, as God has forgiven each of us as individuals. Without this learned tool of forgi veness Mei would never have been able to forgive her father, and Andy would not have been able to forgive Mei for abandoning him in his time of urgent need.Mei and Andy’s views in God help define who they were as people, and who they aspire to be. God is ever present in both of their lives, giving them hope to take on the challenges that are waiting to cross their paths in the future. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Tan, Hwee Hwee. Foreign Bodies. (New York: Washington Square Books, 1997), 20. [ 2 ]. Tan, Hwee Hwee. Foreign Bodies. (New York: Washington Square Books, 1997), 21. [ 3 ]. Tan, Hwee Hwee. Foreign Bodies. (New York: Washington Square Books, 1997), 248. 4 ]. Tan, Hwee Hwee. Foreign Bodies. (New York: Washington Square Books, 1997), 149. [ 5 ]. Tan, Hwee Hwee. Foreign Bodies. (New York: Washington Square Books, 1997), 124. [ 6 ]. Tan, Hwee Hwee. Foreign Bodies. (New York: Washington Square Books, 1997), 222. [ 7 ]. Tan, Hwee Hwee. Foreign Bodies. (New York: Washington Square Books, 1997), 45. [ 8 ]. Tan, Hwee Hwee. Foreign Bodies. (New York: Washington Square Books, 1997), 277. [ 9 ]. Tan, Hwee Hwee. Foreign Bodies. (New York: Washington Square Books, 1997), 278.

Small Group Reflection Essays

Small Group Reflection Essays Small Group Reflection Essay Small Group Reflection Essay Small group and team communication is basically the most imperative skill that any individual will ever have to learn. Communication consists of making contact with other individuals in verbal or nonverbal connection. Whether it is a group or team each individual has different background and customs, therefore he or she should be confident enough to deal with social diversity because there is no particular way in dealing with such diverse groups. The importance of team communication is vital for achievement because people learn from one another and share similar objectives. While classroom lectures provide students with volumes of information, many experiences can be understood only by living them. It is with the? workings of a small, task-focused group. What observations can I make after? working with my group? And what have I learned as a result? When meeting together and brainstorming ideas for our can drive there were many leadership roles and? the strengths of our individual group that became increasingly apparent. Although? early in our project Jeff was the key initiator and Casey largely an information? seeker, all of us group members eventually took on these functions in addition to? erving as recorders, gathering information, and working on coming up with ideas on how we would start and initiate this can drive. Every member coordinated the group’s work at some point, several made sure that? everyone could speak and be heard, and Casey was especially good at? catching important details the rest of us were oblivious to. Tyler and I frequen tly clarified or elaborated on information, whereas Andrea, Casey, and Jeffrey were good at contributing ideas during brainstorming sessions. Casey, Jeffrey and I brought tension-relieving humor to the group.? Just as each member brought individual strengths to the group, gender? differences also made us effective. For example, Andrea and Casey looked at the big picture and made intuitive leaps in? ways that the Jeffrey, Tyler, and I generally did not. Brilhart and Galanes have suggested that men working in groups? dominated by women may display â€Å"subtle forms of resistance to a dominant? presence of women† (p. 98). Our differing qualities complemented each other and enabled? us to work together effectively. The formation of our group developed in four stages. The first was the Forming stage in which we were uncertain about our roles and who to trust. This beginning stage is relatively where we as group members introduced ourselves. At this stage we were unsure how we would be able to use each other’s experience and abilities to come together as a cohesive group. The following stage was Storming, which is a time we learned about expectations discussed then confirmed by each one of us. The third stage of our development was Norming, a stage of working together to reach our goals. Lastly, the Performing stage is focused on solving any problems that arise. This stage is critical for getting the project done on time and completing the goal. Our group had a sense of unity that went through developmental stages. Each Learning Team member played a different role and it was important for us to perform his or her duties in order to get maximum cooperation between each member. Through these maintenance roles better relationships developed and improved morale of the group cooperation. In order for our group to develop into a well performing group organization we needed to have and maintain certain characteristics. We are a group of students with a vision working towards a common goal. The building of our team was complicated. We negotiated roles and tasks according to our strengths and interests. We worked well together, but far from perfect. Ideas were exchanged and meaningful productivity resulted. Good communication resulted from trust and respect. All of us members shared an equal participation, which made it easier for each individual to contribute to the success. Brilhart, J. K. , Galanes, G. J. (1998). Effective group discussion (9th ed. ). Boston:? McGraw-Hill.

SC3039C Punishment and Modern society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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Hormonal Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Latino Narrative film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Latino Narrative film - Essay Example The 2002 movie Frida, directed by Julie Taymor, focuses on this transformational aspect of Kahlo’s personality while it immerses the viewer into the world of Frida’s love, creativity, marriage, passion and hatred. With Salma Hayek as Frida Kahlo in Frida, we step into the life story of the now world famous painter Kahlo. Her life seems to be a sequence of tough choices and a total challenge. Once suffering from polio as a kid, Kahlo managed to recover from this crippling disease only to find herself severely injured in a car accident, which left her physically disabled for the rest of her life. As she starts painting, Kahlo makes herself get together all her willpower to opt for this active life position rather than, bedridden, merely wait for the death coming. She goes through two volcanic yet artistically inspiring marriages to the renowned Mexican artist Diego Rivera (Alfred Molina). The film shows how throughout all her life-changing choices, Frida Kahlo manages to be â€Å"never conventional about anything she does†, to be â€Å"always herself† though it is often not easy (â€Å"Frida Movie†). The opening sequence starts with the protagonist being carried in bedridden out of her home. It then switches to Kahlo’s years at high school and the calamitous accident the heroine suffers just at 18. Frida gets pierced by a metal pole when a streetcar and the bus that she is riding collide. The injuries that Frida receives leave her disabled for the rest of her life, so that she moves on crutches, in wheelchairs, or stays in her bed. While she is confined to her bed with the shattered back, Frida’s father brings her canvas to help her recuperate from the accident. From that time on, Frida paints. Taking up painting is probably one of her most dramatic life-changing choices. My opinion can be explained by the fact that Frida’s works, as it is vividly shown in the film, are always along her life events. Whatever the surrealist artists goes through,

Value of Real Estate Loans Issued By Commercial Banks Essay

Value of Real Estate Loans Issued By Commercial Banks - Essay Example The onset of the new millennium brought many developments for the banking sector globally. As such, the increased knowledge about mortgages and advanced exposure to access of finances meant that commercial banking business was as competitive as it was enjoying demand. In the year 2005, the United States economy was experiencing increased interests in housing and property development. Besides, the commercial banks increased their lending incentives in a bid to acquire the largest customer base of the growing credit demand.   In the first quarter of 2005, the real estate loans for residential, commercial and farmland were 1.43%, 1.12%, and 1.70% respectively (Federalreserve.gov, 2015). The low-interest rates in comparison to those of the fourth quarter of 2004 acted as incentives for consumers who wanted to capitalize on the credit availability opportunity provided for by the low-interest rates. As depicted in Figure 1 below, the rates of exposure to loans for both Commercial Real Es tate (CRE) and Construction and Land Development (CLD) was gradually increasing, thereby approaching the peak in 2005.The loan incentives put in place by commercial banks encouraged borrowing for risky mortgages, which threatened to go up, as is always the case of property appreciation for assets in high demand. The first quarter of 2006 indicated the beginning of the gradual discrepancies in the interest rates, as the real estate loans for residential, commercial and farmland settled at 1.60%, 1.02%, and 1.53%.

Monetary Rewards On Employee Performance Commerce Essay

Monetary Rewards On Employee Performance Commerce Essay Workplace performance motivators contain both monetary as well as non-monetary rewards. Monetary rewards may be varied whereas having a same effect on workers. This study aims to investigate the impact of monetary and non monetary rewards for the performance of employees in a company. Monetary reward in modern society is the most transferable means of satisfying fundamental requirements (Kohn, 2009). Physiological satisfaction, protection and social requirements may only be attained with money. The impact of non-monetary rewards on performance entails that control systems may be more efficient and competent by taking into consideration non-monetary rewards. Particularly, logical justifications help organizations by motivating better performance than illogical explanations and by raising the recognized justifiability of bonuses when the bonuses stand for the significance of the jobs The study will recognize the performance of employees and its relation with monetary and non monetary rewards, if any which are presently militating against the smooth functions of the company in area of its job performance and efficiency that management find helpful for future development. Table of content Introduction 1 Hypothesis 1 Research Questions 2 Aims and objectives 2 Literature review 2 Methodology 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion 8 Reference 10 Introduction Managers are always looking for ways to create a motivational environment in which associates (workers) to work at their best levels to achieve organization goals. Workplace performance motivators contain both monetary as well as non-monetary rewards. Monetary rewards may be varied whereas having a same effect on workers (Lynch, 2003). An example of monetary rewards is mutual funds given by organizational pension plans or insurance programs. As it has been proposed that employees, depending on their age, have diverse requirements relating to rewards, traditional rewards packages are being changed with alternatives for attracting younger employees (Nelson, 2009). This study aims to investigate the impact of monetary and non monetary rewards for the performance of employees in a company (Kohn, 2009). The study will also emphasize the importance of monetary and non monetary rewards in the organization. It is expected that this study will help business enterprises in their functions as well as facilitate them to use rewards schemes which would optimize the output and performance of their business functions (Zigon, 2008). The study will recognize the performance of employees and its relation with monetary and non monetary rewards, if any which are presently militating against the smooth functions of the company in area of its job performance and efficiency that management find helpful for future development (Kepner, 2010). Hypothesis Hypothesis has been formulated below: Organizations monetary and non monetary rewards programs have a huge impact on the employees job performance as well as the productivity and development of the company. Research Questions To what degree is the efficiency, adequately relevance of these rewards to the whole performance of employees? To what degree are these different kinds of rewards set up by the companies? To what extent is the rewards bring about achievement of job satisfaction and motivation of the employees? How management may use rewards to persuade workers to improve and increase productivity? What are the rewards considered by employees to be non-monetary rewards? Aims and objectives To look at the extent to which these rewards bring about achievement of job satisfaction and employees performance. To analysis the efficiency, adequacy and significance of these rewards programs to the overall performance of individual employee or group of employees. To inspect the extent the company is attaining its goals for administering these rewards. Literature review People work so as to satisfy their requirements and these requirements may be met by monetary rewards. Monetary rewards are refund in cash and in form of money for a given work done by workers in the company (Hansen, 2010). Workers would go any level to enhance their cash income as they will do something to avoid their source of income from being removed. The fact that workers fear to lose their jobs, cash has been a very efficient motivator only because money is necessary for continued existence in an economy (Dunham, 2009). Monetary reward in modern society is the most transferable means of satisfying fundamental requirements (Kohn, 2009). Physiological satisfaction, protection and social requirements may only be attained with money(Kepner, 2010). The effort-to-performance expectation is sturdily persuaded by the performance assessment which is frequently part of the reward system. A worker is probable to use extra effort if he or she understands that performance will be assessed, appraised, and rewarded. The expectancy of performance-to-outcome is influenced by the level to which the worker thinks that performance will be followed by rewards (Allen, 2007). Lastly, every reward or potential reward has to some extent different value for every individual. An individual can want a promotion more than reimbursement; somebody else can want only the opposite (Nelson, 2009). When a company rewards a whole work group or team for its performance, collaboration among the members typically enhances. Though, competition among different teams for rewards may cause decline in whole performance under definite situations. The most general team or group rewards are plans of gain sharing, where worker teams which meet certain objectives share i n the gains measured against performance targets (Shutan, 2010). Frequently, programs of gain sharing emphasize on quality enhancement, reduction of cost, and other quantifiable results (Kepner, 2010). Despite the positive role monetary rewards have played, employees have a tendency to have different approach and a manner towards money rewards (Hansen, 2010). The most general of the different reaction to salary and wages by employees is that once it crosses lowest levels, it is regarded as a measure of fairness. (Kohn, 2009) posited non-monetary rewards as extreme benefits made accessible to staff and are regarded as an addition to salaries and wages. It contains direct as well as indirect reimbursement (Shutan, 2010). The direct reimbursement can contain profit-sharing, illness pay, pension plans, and so on (Kerachsky, 2009). The indirect reimbursement can include welfare services, social as well as recreational facilities, etc. Pay, if merely it could be correctly packaged would someway lead to the desired approach to work. Perception of employee of his pay with respect to other employees of same position could influence the satisfaction, which he obtains from the job. The aim of monetary rewards is to reward workers for outstanding performance through money (Nelson, 2009). Monetary rewards contain profit sharing, stock options, and project bonuses, scheduled and warrant bonuses (Allen, 2007). The aim of non-monetary rewards is to reward employees for brilliant job performance by opportunities. Non- monetary rewards contain training, flexible work hours, satisfying work environment and vacations. Employees encounter issues, disturbances, and dissatisfactions in their environment of work where certain rewards are de-emphasized. So as to increase and improve the rewards of employees, trade unions serve as a way of developing the terms and conditions for workers, enhance rewards rates, raise employees status, protect members against unjust practices and also struggle for protection of service (Kepner, 2010). Trade union Act 1990 offers that worker has a right to get all employment benefits which are stated in documents of service, containing the offer letter, and the condition of service and in joint agreement (Kerachsky, 2009). A stability of monetary and non- monetary rewards must be employed to satisfy the different requirements and interests of workers. Monetary rewards persuade fulfillment rather than risk taking since most rewards depend only on performance and discourage workers from being innovative in their place of work. Apart from these kinds of strategies of performance, reward system of an organization is its most fundamental tool for dealing with employee performance (Allen, 2007). Reward system of an organization is the formal as well as informal systems by which workers performance is described, assessed, and rewarded (Kohn, 2009). Organizational reward may influence performance, manners, activities, and motivation. Therefore, it is significant for organizations to recognize and appreciate obviously their significance. Though employee attitudes like satisfaction are not a main determinant of job performance, they are however essential (Kepner, 2010). Extrinsic rewards affect satisfaction of e mployee, which, sequentially, plays a chief role in verifying whether an employee reward system (Zigon, 2008). The formal and informal systems by which performance of employee is identified, appraised, and rewarded will remain on the job or search for a new job (Kerachsky, 2009). Reward systems also affect patterns of attendance and absence; if rewards are based on real performance, employees have a tendency to work hard to get those rewards. Methodology This chapter contains imminent into the research design and strategy for the study. It emphasizes on what to study, how to study and when to study; the main objective of the study is to monitor the management of total quality and examine techniques in business environment. Research Design Basically, field study approach survey will be applied for this study due to its weird nature. Though, questionnaires will be the main tool to collect data for this study. The questionnaires will be prepared carefully and simply designed so as to make sure simple answering; to get reliabilities in responses of respondents and at same time to remove uncertainty and suspension. Meanwhile, secondary research will also been used in this study. Secondary research is frequently less expensive than surveys and is very efficient in getting information regarding communications needs of peoples and their responses to and vision about particular communications. It is frequently the technique of choice in cases where quantitative measurement is not necessary. Sample and sampling techniques Therefore, the sample techniques will consider thirty (30) employees randomly selected from a reputed organization. Data Collection The major process for data collection of this study is through questionnaires; the ordered questionnaire will be distributed to the randomly selected employees. Literature Selection Criteria The literature selection criteria are twofold: significance and the year of publication. Search Technique Libraries containing online databases are accessed to obtain the most appropriate and updated literature. Some of the online databases which are used include: EBSCO, Emerald, Blackwell, and so on. Theoretical Framework For this study as already said the secondary research technique is used and all the relevant data was gathered through books, journals and articles. Discussion The non-monetary rewards like training and development in a company have positive impacts on employee performances, work, and a company can minimize cost as well as boosts efficiency; good working environment in a company will also get better employees performances (Kohn, 2009). Monetary and non-monetary rewards differ in their roles, efficiency, and suitability, depending on the kinds of rewards (Allen, 2007). Rewards in fact hamper employees and organizations by reducing employees motivation, job satisfaction and interest. This is only the opposite of what rewards were made to do. Rewards should consider the employees for whom they were made (Kerachsky, 2009). A balance between monetary as well as non-monetary rewards must be employed for satisfying the diverse requirements and interests of employees. Creating a balance sheet is an easy exercise which may be used to evaluate rewards programs. On one side of the balance sheet, list each and every rewards program (both monetary plus non-monetary) of the company (Kohn, 2009). On the other side list all the results (whether preferred or not) which may be attributed to these rewards. Areas of development and enhancement would be those outcomes and results recognized as undesirable (Zigon, 2008). Promoted workers will amplify his/her efforts as well as performances in work place and assessment of employee performance manipulates employees performance; welfare of employee, pension, and medical facilities also helps successful performances, finally the employees prefer monetary rewards to non-monetary rewards (Kepner, 2010). Individual performance is usually found out by three things: motivation (the wish to do the job), capability (the ability to do the job), and the environment of work (the resources required to do the job). If a worker lacks capability, the manager can give training or replace, the employee. If there is a resource issue, the manager can do it correct (Kerachsky, 2009). But if motivation is the issue, the job for the manager is more challenging. Individual performance is a multifaceted fact, and the manager can be pushed to understand the specific nature of the issue and how to resolve it (Kohn, 2009). Hence, motivation is significant due to its importance as a determinant of performance and due to its intangible nature (Kerachsky, 2009). Many special rewards programs which offer awards to individuals have been utilized, ranging from one-time contests to meet performance targets to rewards for performance eventually (Hansen, 2010). Though special programs can also be built up for groups and for whole companies, these programs frequently emphasize on rewarding just high-performing individuals. Conclusion The outcomes of this study make three contributions. Primary, this study contributes to the logical and experiential literature on multi-action settings by giving facts about the impacts of non-monetary rewards (Kohn, 2009). The impact of non-monetary rewards on performance entails that control systems may be more efficient and competent by taking into consideration non-monetary rewards. Particularly, logical justifications help organizations by motivating better performance than illogical explanations and by raising the recognized justifiability of bonuses when the bonuses stand for the significance of the jobs (Nelson, 2009). While logical explanations is unsuccessful to stimulate better performance than when no justification is given, this result must be understood carefully as the explanation also gives related information which is not present when no explanation is given, that can not be true in all settings (Kepner, 2010). The study thus concludes that there are obvious relations between monetary rewards and employees performance; fringe benefit can stimulate employees performance (Kohn, 2009). Though, some of the major goals of training employee contain, increase in production, lesser labor turn over rate, higher confidence and better management and training facilitates to decrease cost as it enhances productivity, and promotes objective congruency. Lack of training raises rate of absenteeism, low productivity, bad quality and refuses and results in high unit cost. Non-monetary rewards, good working environment promotion, better management, employees welfare, programs, medical facilities, pension, helps increases in performances of employees and employee desired monetary rewards to non-monetary rewards.